Credit cards in India
Earlier a status symbol and now an integral possession of every wage earner and self-employed person in urban areas, the ubiquitous credit card is a pointer to the rising consumer spending in India. Aggressive campaigns by banks and NBFCs over the years to cash in on the burgeoning middle class consumers’ itch for ‘buy now pay later’ led to a phenomenal rise in the penetration of the plastic money. Foremost advantage of a credit card is its mobility. For shoppers and travellers, choice of a credit card is a matter of convenience. The cards have increased the purchasing power of the individuals and the younger generation is on a shopping spree.
Basically credit card operations rely on four players. Visa, Master, Diners, American Express and JCB are the providers. The second group comprises of vendors or the respective banks and financial institutions, which issue cards on behalf of the providers, like ICICI, HSBC, Citi bank, SBI, HDFC, Standard Chartered etc. Then come the cardholders. Lastly there are shop owners or any other establishments that accept the cards from the holders and honour the purchases made by them or the service rendered to them. Many cards have special features like accident insurance cover to make it attractive. Good customers get rewards too.
Strict terms
It is easy to get a credit card if you can provide the bank /NBFC proof of identity, address and income. Before taking the plunge compare the terms offered by different banks and make a wise choice. Watch out for any hidden charges. Ignorance of some of the charges levied can prove costly later. Terms, which used to be stringent, have been liberalized. Along with attractive offers to lure customers towards their credit card banks also set some strict conditions for non-repayment, penal interest and late payment charges. All bank websites display the dos and don’ts of credit card use. These are also given on the reverse side of statements. Besides customers get email alerts also.
A credit card customer normally enjoys a free credit of 50 days and the shopkeeper gets his payment from his banker as soon as he presents the statement of the purchases made. The bank then sends the vouchers to their respective head offices or clearing offices where the money is collected from banks that have issued the cards. The whole operation takes about three weeks whereas the credit enjoyed by the customer is much more than that. Credit-free period is the time given by a bank to a customer to make payments on credit card purchases without having to pay any interest. If wisely used, credit card can be a source of interest-free working capital for a self-employed person.
Cash withdrawals
If you have an urgent need for cash you can swipe the card to draw cash. You have to consider this as the last resort since this facility is accompanied by some harsh terms. Every time you draw cash you have to pay a minimum service charge of Rs.500. The interest also is higher. Repayment of cash withdrawal also is a complicated process and you can fall into a debt trap. Credit card is short-term credit, which is costlier than a personal loan. Banks charge high interest rates of over 36% per annum on credit card debt, as it is unsecured. Delinquency rates are high. In default cases there is a high degree of write-offs.
Before selecting a credit card the customer must be clear about all fees a bank is charging. Compare the rates of different banks first. Credit cards have different types of fees like joining fee, annual fee, renewal fee, add on fee, card replace fee etc. Prompt payments can avert problems. If you pay only the minimum balance you may have to pay interest on next month’s bill also. RBI has clear guidelines to make credit card operations transparent. The terms and conditions on credit card must be clearly conveyed to the customer and banks are barred from collecting any fee other than what was mentioned at the time of issue of the card. There are ample avenues for grievance redressal.
