LoanRaja Blog- Personal Finance Guide

Who doesn’t dream of owning a house? The middle class families are better positioned now than ever before to realize their dreams thanks to the mushrooming of housing finance companies and a liberalized loan regime. The long process of applying for a loan beginning with the property selection and bank selection is an arduous one. But runaway inflation and rising property prices have now landed the prospective borrowers in a fix. To make matters worse the interest rates on home loans are on an upswing. How does one choose a home loan most favourable to him?

Customers need to pay more attention to the property they are planning to buy and collect all relevant information on it. Before availing oneself of a housing loan the borrower has to make a long-term financial planning as the loan tenure may stretch 10-25 years.
All financial requirements including daily expenses, cost of education and wedding etc. in the short-term and long-term must be identified. Then make a realistic assessment on the surplus you can spare every month on loan repayment. Go only for a home loan from a lender with a good reputation. By approaching two or three banks or housing finance companies it can be ascertained who offers loan with the cheapest interest rate. Explore various fees and penalties that the lender charges.

Eligibility

Three vital factors decide the loan amount sanctioned by banks – borrower’s income, repayment history and the cost of the property. Banks lend up to 3.5-4 times the annual gross income as a home loan. Repayment capacity will be considered after assessing your income, age, qualifications, work experience, number of dependents, spouse’s income, stability of income and employment, assets, liabilities, etc. Larger the repayment capability, the higher will be the loan eligibility.

Documents

The borrower must submit the following documents along with loan application:

• Proof of age
• Proof of identity and residence - passport, PAN card, ration card, voter ID card etc
• Salary slip of last three months along with salary certificate.
• Proof of continuity in job for last two years or Form 16.
• Bank statement for last six months.
• Company profile for employees of a private limited company.
• Proof of business address in respect of businessmen/ industrialists
• Khata certificate.
• Latest property tax paid receipt.
• EC for last 13 years.
• Parent documents and all linked documents for 13 years.
• Sanctioned plan.
• Receipts towards payments already made.
• Sale agreement and title documents in favour of the seller (pre-owned home).
• Sale agreement or construction agreement with builder (new home).
• Total cost break-up on builder’s letterhead (new flat).

Charges

Banks charge 0.5% to 2% of the loan amount as processing and administrative fees, they may in some cases also charge a commitment fee. You need to pay this charge to the housing finance companies if the sanctioned loan amount is not availed of within a certain span of time. In case one wants to switch over from a floating rate to fixed rate or vice versa the borrower is also assessed a penalty. Such a penalty may also be levied in case the loan is repaid before the agreed term, which is 2-3 percent of the outstanding amount of loan.

Disbursal

The lender will disburse the loan only after the borrower puts in his share which is normally about 10-15 per cent of the total estimate. Most banks disburse the loan in stages after ascertaining the progress of construction in the case of new houses or flats. In the case of ready-built houses the bank will disburse the entire amount of the home loan on sanction.

Tenure & Repayment

A borrower has the option to choose a tenure of 5 to 25 years for his home loan depending on his paying capacity and age. Borrowers are often in a fix between choosing for a fixed or floating interest rate for their loan. For floating rate home loans a bank will either raise the EMI or extend the tenure of your loan to cover the higher amount due. In the case of fixed interest loans the Equated Monthly Installment (EMI) remains same unless there is a reset clause. While taking a loan, one must consider that interest rates fluctuate during the loan tenure and this fluctuation will impact the home loan EMI, whether one takes a loan at a fixed interest rate or floating interest rate. If the borrower is younger, banks are willing to give an extension on loan tenure but if the loan borrower is in 40s, the only option given is to increase the EMI.

Everyone deals with having to wriggle out of a financial crisis at some point. If you have meticulously planned your finances and investments a temporary cash crunch may be easier to deal with. But very often we fail to do so although financial experts have been giving us this sound advice for many generations now. There may be many reasons for not being ready for such a situation either because you don’t realize it could happen to you, you simply because you can’t afford it, you spent your savings on higher education or your funds are all locked on long-term investments.

When you are suddenly hit by a financial road block the first thing to remember is – DON’T PANIC! Misfortunes hit everybody — whether it’s losing a job, an illness or just an unexpected expenditure. You still have several avenues you can explore including sounding out friends and relatives to help you tide over the situation. If that’s not the most comfortable option for you many companies offer employees personal loans at subsidized interest rates. You could check with your company to see if they offer such a facility. The biggest advantage would be that it will be hassle free when compared to a bank loan. Some other options available to you are listed below:

Bank Overdraft

Your bank may be willing to offer you an overdraft facility which will allow you access to cash in no time. A bank overdraft is relatively cheap and there is no paperwork involved in this. You can also apply for a loan or overdraft using you insurance policies, mutual funds, national saving certificates or government bonds, shares, securities etc. A loan against securities are much cheaper than personal loans and the borrowing limit may differ but is usually in the range of 60-65 percent of the values of these securities.

Loan Against Property

Offering a collateral is the best means to get a loan in an emergency as this gives the lender some security and can take care of the lender’s risk. This may also allow you to get the secured loan at a substantially lower interest rate than you would have gotten a secured loan for. If you are taking a loan against property the downside is that processing may take longer. If you need urgent cash, a loan against gold or car would probably be processed faster than a loan against property.

Personal loans

Personal loans are growing in popularity as a source of immediate cash. Although interest rates on personal loans are on the higher side many banks can sanction personal loans in less than a week. Personal loans offer consumers easy access to funds without the need to provide any security and if you already have an account with the bank it may be much easier for you to get a personal loan.

Credit card

Credit cards come in handy in a crisis situation and allow you to withdraw cash from ATMs. A credit card will usually have a cash withdrawal limit and interest charged on cash would also be different from what is levied for card usage. But if you need instant cash with no processing time, this is definitely the best option.

Moneylenders

The neighbourhood moneylender provides you money in an emergency without fuss. But you should resort to this as the last option after exhausting all other avenues. Interest rates of 50-60 percent annually are common with private moneylenders and they may take advantage of your desperation by charging hefty interest rates.